HOME COURSES PREVIEW REVIEW ABOUT
  TOLL-FREE INFO & ORDERING:
M-F: 9am-5pm (PST): (877) RAPID-10
  24/7 TECHNICAL SUPPORT:
  QUICK TOUR:
Quick Movie - How to Learn in 24 Hours
  QUICK SEARCH:
Keywords:  
 
  Rapid Learning Member Area:

Rapid Learning Member Login
Note: If you are a legacy user of chemistry24 members, please request a new login access to the premium server with your full name and old login email via vip@rapidlearningcenter.com
  RAPID COURSE CATALOG:
  Chemistry in 24 Hours
  CHEMISTRY TIPS WEEKLY:

Are you taking a chemistry course or preparing for a chemistry exam? If you are learning chemistry now, the Chemistry Tips Weekly is for you--it is a one minute learning each week to the chemistry mastery, free for all students. The chemistry tips will include the follwing topics

  • Chemistry survival basics
  • Top ten confusions in chemistry
  • How to ace chemistry exams
  • Your professors' confessions
  • Problem-solving tips in chemisrty
  • Plus much more...
Enter your name and email address below and click "Subscribe" to have free Chemistry tips delivered to your inbox weekly.

Your Name*  
Email*  
 

  OTHER RELATED SITES:
Note: For course links to launch, disable popup blockers or hold the ctrl key while clicking the link.

Bonus - Free Coaching for 3 Months :  Need help on your homework or exam questions? Get stuck on chemistry problems? Let Dr. Wayne and his team of faculty help you personally. Order one of our 24-hour rapid chemistry courses today and you will receive 3-month chemistry coaching ($297 value - free). Limited to first 250 students only. Grab yours today!

Thermodynamics

Topic Review on "Title":

Physical and chemical changes occur with changes in heat.

Energy, heat and temperature
Several definitions are useful in understanding thermodynamics:

  • Energy: The ability to do work or supply heat.
  • System: Particles under-going change.
  • Surroundings: Everything surrounding the system.
  • Temperature: proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles.
  • Heat (q): Flow of energy from a hotter object to a cooler object.
  • Enthalpy (H): Takes into account internal energy, pressure and volume.  In an open-air environment, it’s the same as heat.

Physical changes
The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy that can be absorbed before temperature begins to change.   where m = mass; Cp = specific heat capacity and DT = T2 – T1.  During changes in state, the heat of fusion and heat of vaporization are used.  Melting:       Hfus = enthalpy of fusion.  Boiling:       Hvap = enthalpy of vaporization.  Heating curves show the combination of the processes—changing temperatures and changing states.

Chemical changes
The heat of formation is the energy change when a compound is formed from its elements.  Hess’s law says that since energy is a state function, the path doesn’t matter—only where you began and ended, then the heat of a reaction can be found by adding up stepwise reactions that add up to the overall chemical reaction.  This allows the heat of reaction to be found from formation values:

Calorimetry
When the system loses energy, the surroundings gain it and vice versa.  Therefore, the energy change in the surrounding can be measured and used to determine information about the system.  Calorimetry can be used for physical or chemical processes.

Enthalpy, Entropy and Free energy
Entropy is disorder or randomness.  All spontaneous processes result in a net increase in entropy for the universe.  The spontaneity of a process (shown with a negative free energy value) is found by relating enthalpy, entropy and temperature to find free energy. 

Enthalpy

Entropy

Spontaneous at

+

+

High temps

+

-

Never

-

-

Low temps

-

+

All temps


Rapid Study Kit for "Title":
Flash Movie Flash Game Flash Card
Core Concept Tutorial Problem Solving Drill Review Cheat Sheet

"Title" Tutorial Summary :

Thermodynamics is the study of heat changes during processes.  The heat changes of physical processes will be introduced using specific heat capacity, heats of fusion and vaporization, and calorimetry.  Heat changes of a chemical reaction will be discussed with heat of formation, Hess’s Law and calorimetry.


Tutorial Features:

Series Features:

  • Concept map showing inter-connections of new concepts in this tutorial and those previously introduced.
  • Definition slides introduce terms as they are needed.
  • Visual representation of concepts
  • Animated examples—worked out step by step
  • A concise summary is given at the conclusion of the tutorial.

"Title" Topic List:
  • Energy, temperature and heat
  • Energy and physical changes
    • Specific heat capacity
    • Calorimetry
    • Heat of fusion
    • Heat of vaporization
    • Heating curves
  • Energy and chemical changes
    • Heat of formation
    • Hess’s Law
    • Heat of reaction
  • Entropy
  • Free Energy
    • And equilibrium


See all 24 lessons in college chemistry, including concept tutorials, problem drills and cheat sheets:
Teach Yourself College Chemistry Visually in 24 Hours

© 2015 Rapid Learning Center | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Affiliates
Chemistry Survival, Biology Survival, Physics Survival,
and Mathematics Survival Publishing are the divisions of Rapid Learning Inc.